Environmental Studies

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Module I : Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies
Descriptors/Topics
Introduction, definition and importance of environmental studies, need for public awareness, sensitisation and
participation
Module II : Natural Resources
Descriptors/Topics
1. Types of natural resources, natural resource conservation, Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources,
Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
2. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, Land resources: soil erosion
and desertification.
3. Natural Resources: Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction,
mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people.
4. Natural Resources: Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts
over water, dams-benefits and problems.
5. Natural Resources: Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources, case studies.
6. Natural Resources: Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, Food
resources effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies.
7. Natural Resources: Energy resources: Growing energy needs, Energy resources renewable and non-renewable
energy sources, Energy resources use of alternate energy sources, case studies.
8. Role of individual in conservation of natural resources
9. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
Module III: Ecosystems
Descriptors/Topics
1. Concept of an ecosystem,
2. Types of ecosystem,
3. Structure and function of an ecosystem, Producers, consumers and decomposers.
4. Energy flow in the ecosystem, Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.
5. Ecological succession.
6. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of Forest ecosystem, Grassland ecosystem and
Desert ecosystem, Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, ocean estuaries)
Module IV : Biodiversity
Descriptors/Topics
1. Introduction - Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity
2. Biogeographical classification of India
3. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical aesthetic and option values
4. Biodiversity at global, national and local levels, India as a mega-diversity nation5. Hot-spots of biodiversity,
6. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man wildlife conflicts
7. Endangered and endemic species of India
8. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity
9. Biological Diversity Act, 2002
Module V: Environmental Pollution
Descriptors/Topics
Definition
Cause, effects and control measures of :-
a. Air pollution
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards
Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes.
Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
Pollution case studies.
Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Module VI: Social Issues and the Environment
Descriptors/Topics
From Unsustainable to Sustainable development
Urban problems related to energyWater conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management
Resettlement and rahabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case
Studies
Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions.
Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies.
Wasteland reclamation.
Consumerism and waste products.
Environment Protection Act.
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act
Wildlife Protection Act
Forest Conservation Act
Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation.
Public awareness.
Module VII: Human Population and the Environment
Descriptors/Topics
Population growth, variation among nations.
Population explosion – Family Welfare Programme.
Environment and human health.
Human Rights.Value Education.
HIV/AIDS.
Women and Child Welfare.
Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health.
Case Studies.

Module VII: Field Work (Practical)
Descriptors/Topics
Visit to a local area to document environmental assets-river/forest/grassland/ hill/mountain.
- Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural.
- Study of common plants, insects, birds.
- Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.